Merge Sort
See it animated in Zerethon Tools ↗Split in half, sort each half, merge the sorted halves — O(n log n), stable.
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# Merge Sort
Zerethon Official Sample `merge-sort`, version 1.2.0, Python 3.12.
- `merge_sort.py` — the algorithm, as shown in Zerethon Tools
- `main.py` — entry file: a short demonstration
- `test_merge_sort.py` — checks; set it as the entry file to run them
This project is your own copy. Changing it never changes the official sample.
See the algorithm animated: https://tools.zerethon.com/merge-sort-visualizer
from merge_sort import merge_sort
numbers = [38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10, 27]
print("Before:", numbers)
result = merge_sort(list(numbers))
print("After: ", result)
print("Same as sorted():", result == sorted(numbers))
"""Merge Sort (Zerethon Official Sample: merge-sort 1.2.0)."""
def merge_sort(a):
if len(a) <= 1:
return a
mid = len(a) // 2
left = merge_sort(a[:mid])
right = merge_sort(a[mid:])
out, i, j = [], 0, 0
while i < len(left) and j < len(right):
if left[i] <= right[j]:
out.append(left[i]); i += 1
else:
out.append(right[j]); j += 1
out.extend(left[i:])
out.extend(right[j:])
return out
# Checks for merge_sort. To run them, set this file as the entry file
# (the ▶ button next to it in Files) and press Run.
from merge_sort import merge_sort
def numbers(seed, count):
"""Deterministic pseudo-random integers in [-50, 49]."""
out = []
for _ in range(count):
seed = (seed * 1103515245 + 12345) % 2**31
out.append(seed % 100 - 50)
return out
cases = [[], [1], [2, 1], [1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1], [5, 1, 5, 1, 5], [-3, 0, -1, 2]]
cases += [numbers(seed, size) for seed, size in ((1, 10), (2, 50), (3, 200))]
for case in cases:
got = merge_sort(list(case))
assert got == sorted(case), f"merge_sort({case[:6]}...) = {got[:6]}..."
print(f"All {len(cases)} checks passed.")
Source: Zerethon Official Sample. Algorithm as shown in the Zerethon Tools Merge Sort Visualizer.